The Balance of Nature, the Future of Humanity
On the occasion of May 22 – International Day for Biological Diversity, the significance of biodiversity, the threats it faces, and Cyprus's unique position in terms of biological diversity were examined by Asst. Prof. Dr. Nihal Bayır, Instructor of the Faculty of Engineering at Cyprus International University (CIU). In this in-depth interview, topics ranging from the protection of natural habitats to sustainable development, from scientific advancements to the role of local communities were discussed. Special attention was given to Cyprus’s protected areas, endemic species, ongoing conservation efforts, and the responsibilities of individuals and NGOs.
1. What is biodiversity and why is it so important?
Biodiversity refers to the variety of all living organisms on Earth. It is examined on three levels: species diversity (the number of different species), genetic diversity (differences among individuals within a species), and ecosystem diversity (the variety of natural habitats).
Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining natural balance. Every species plays a different role in the ecosystem. For instance, predators keep harmful species in check, and bees pollinate plants. Everything from the air we breathe and the water we drink to our clothing, medicine, and food relies on living organisms. Many of our medicines are derived from plants. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and tourism—especially ecotourism—also depend on biodiversity. Healthy forests, wetlands, and seas that are rich in biodiversity absorb carbon, prevent floods, and offer protection against drought and erosion.
2. What is Cyprus’s position in terms of global biodiversity?
Cyprus is located in the Mediterranean, which is known as a biodiversity “hotspot”—one of the most biologically rich areas in the world.
The Mediterranean is particularly notable for its endemic species and ecosystem diversity. Cyprus stands out with its own endemic species—organisms that exist only in a specific region. These unique species elevate Cyprus's ecological value and make it a globally important center of biodiversity.
For example, the Cyprus tulip Tulipa cypria and the Cyprus whip snake Coluber cypriensis are only found in Cyprus and contribute significantly to the island’s biological wealth.
3. What are the main causes of biodiversity loss? What preventive measures can be taken?
The main causes of biodiversity loss include destruction of natural habitats, climate change, overhunting and illegal hunting, environmental pollution, invasive species and monoculture farming practices. To prevent this, we can protect natural areas, adopt sustainable farming and forestry methods, enforce biodiversity-friendly legal regulations, increase environmental education in schools and communities, implement special conservation programs for endemic species and reduce carbon emissions and switch to renewable energy sources.
4. What measures are taken in our country to protect biodiversity?
In Cyprus, many natural areas have been given special legal status to protect rare species and habitats. Notable protected areas in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) include:
• Karpaz Special Environmental Protection Area
• Alevkayası and the Beşparmak Mountains Forest Area
• Alagadi Beach – Turtle Conservation Zone
Nesting grounds of endangered species like Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle) and Caretta caretta (loggerhead sea turtle) are monitored and protected.
Special monitoring and breeding programs are in place for endemic plant and animal species.
NGOs and volunteers organize nature walks, workshops, clean-up campaigns, and awareness programs.
There are legal restrictions on hunting and foraging. Hunting or collecting protected species is prohibited, and hunting bans are enforced, especially during breeding seasons.
Forest products, wildflowers, and endemic plants cannot be collected without permission.
5. What role can local communities and NGOs play? What are individuals' responsibilities?
Local communities contribute to conservation through traditional ecological knowledge and sustainable practices in farming, forestry, and hunting. They often detect environmental changes early, acting like an early warning system. Their harmony with nature helps protect habitats. They can actively participate in ecotourism, biodiversity monitoring programs, and restoration projects in natural areas.
NGOs raise awareness through educational campaigns, seminars, and media. They influence policymakers to adopt eco-friendly regulations. They document biodiversity losses and provide data for scientific research. They also develop conservation projects in cooperation with local residents to encourage participation.
Individuals can help by using natural resources responsibly, reducing waste and recycling, supporting local and ecological products, protecting natural areas, educating themselves and others about biodiversity and choosing eco-friendly transportation options.
6. What is the link between sustainable development and biodiversity conservation?
Biodiversity is essential for sustainable development. If development is achieved at the cost of destroying nature, it may result in short-term economic gains, but in the long run natural disasters increase, agricultural productivity declines, water resources are depleted and human health is negatively affected. That is why environmental impact assessments must be conducted during project planning, and the least damaging methods to nature must be selected.
7. What scientific advancements show promise in protecting or enhancing biodiversity?
Gene banks and seed banks store the genetic material of endangered species, enabling future restoration. Gene editing technologies like CRISPR are used to make species more resilient to diseases and climate changes. Satellites and drones monitor forest destruction, coral reef degradation, and illegal hunting in real time, helping with early intervention. AI-powered systems analyze animal behaviors, migration routes, and population trends to create effective conservation strategies. There is increasing understanding of how soil microbial diversity affects plant health, agriculture, and the carbon cycle—leading to new opportunities in natural fertilization and sustainable farming. Smartphone apps and online platforms allow citizens to contribute plant and animal observations, aiding scientific research and increasing public awareness while generating large datasets for scientists.
8. What advice would you give to young researchers or students interested in this field?
• Build a strong foundation in core fields such as biology, environmental science, and genetics.
• Stay informed through academic articles and documentaries.
• Get hands-on experience through fieldwork, lab internships, or volunteer projects.
• Think interdisciplinary—connect with fields like law, economics, and sociology.
• Develop a strong ethical awareness toward nature.
• If possible, attend national/international conferences and summer schools to expand your global network.
